mTOR & longevity: a claim–study–outcome reference
Structured evidence map for mTOR-related longevity interventions. No advice. Every number is sourced and qualified.
Rapamycin
Binds FKBP12; the FKBP12-drug complex binds the FRB domain of mTOR within mTORC1 and allosterically inhibits its signaling. The response is ...
Spermidine
Named primary experiments address EP300 activity and cultured-cell autophagy separately from mouse survival/cardiac cohorts, a rat survival ...
Sirolimus
Binds FKBP12; the FKBP12-drug complex binds the FRB domain of mTOR within mTORC1 and allosterically inhibits its signaling. The response is ...
Everolimus
The cited US labels describe FKBP12-mediated mTOR inhibition. The short-course Mannick trials measured vaccine antibody and infection-report...
RTB101
Reported as a TORC1 inhibitor tested for respiratory-illness-related endpoints in older adults; mechanism-level detail beyond 'TORC1 inhibit...
Caloric Restriction (CR)
Sustained energy-intake reduction. In the CALERIE Phase 2 human trial, participants were ASSIGNED a 25% caloric-restriction target but ACHIE...
Protein Restriction
Reduction of total dietary protein (as opposed to a single amino acid or amino-acid class). Studied in animals via the Solon-Biet nutritiona...
BCAA Restriction (Branched-Chain Amino Acid Restriction)
Combined reduction of all three branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, valine) in the diet, studied for sex-specific lifespan effe...
Isoleucine Restriction
Green et al. 2023 tested 67%isoleucine restriction from6 months in genetically heterogeneous UM-HET3 mice. This is a Lamming-group primary s...
Metformin
The cited cell experiments show that metformin can alter mTORC1 signaling through pathways that vary by cell model, including effects indepe...
Aerobic Exercise
The cited acute experiment compared cycling with unilateral leg extensions in six completers. S6K1 Thr389 rose after both modes at 4 hours; ...
Resistance Exercise
The cited acute experiment compared cycling with unilateral leg extensions in six completers. S6K1 Thr389 rose after both modes at 4 hours; ...
NIA Interventions Testing Program (ITP) 2009 rapamycin cohort
Age at death or euthanasia; 90th-percentile survival age and median lifespan
PEARL trial (rapamycin, 48-week RCT)
Primary: visceral adipose tissue (fat) change
SmartAge trial (spermidine via wheat germ extract, 12-month RCT)
Primary: mnemonic discrimination performance on the Mnemonic Similarity Task
NIA ITP rapamycin dose-response cohort (42 ppm arm)
Median age at death or euthanasia; sex- and dose-dependent survival
Mannick et al. 2014 low-dose everolimus / influenza vaccine response trial
Influenza vaccine antibody response
Mannick Phase 2a follow-on TORC1-inhibitor immune trial
Primary influenza-vaccine geometric-mean-titer ratio; prespecified overall self-reported infection rate, with respiratory-infection rate assessed post hoc
RTB101 Phase 2b respiratory-illness trial
Laboratory-confirmed respiratory tract illness
RTB101 Phase 3 respiratory-illness program (1024 participants)
Primary respiratory illness endpoint
CALERIE Phase 2 cardiometabolic report (2-year RCT; exploratory outcomes)
Cardiometabolic risk markers (2019 publication); methylation algorithms belong to the separate linked2023 analysis
CALERIE Phase 2 DunedinPACE epigenetic sub-analysis
DunedinPACE (pace-of-aging epigenetic marker)
Eisenberg spermidine mouse drinking-water lifespan study
Mouse survival; cardiovascular endpoints from separate cohorts
Conflicting rat spermidine drinking-water study (non-replication)
Median lifespan
Solon-Biet nutritional geometric framework (25-diet mouse study)
Mouse lifespan; hepatic phospho-mTOR/total-mTOR and circulating BCAA/glucose measurements
Combined BCAA restriction and mouse lifespan (Richardson et al., 2021)
Median lifespan, by sex
Levine et al. dietary protein observational cohort (n=6381)
All-cause mortality
Acute exercise mTORC1 mechanistic crossover study (untrained men)
mTORC1 pathway activation (e.g. p-S6K1 Thr389) in skeletal muscle
Physical activity and all-cause mortality meta-analysis
All-cause mortality
Dietary metformin mouse lifespan dose-response study
Mean lifespan, dose-dependent
MILES trial (metformin, short-term mechanistic study in older adults)
Muscle/adipose gene expression and mixed-meal metabolic markers; not hard disease, physical function or lifespan outcomes
MASTERS trial (metformin + resistance exercise interaction)
Muscle mass / strength gains from resistance training
TAME (Targeting Aging with Metformin): published trial design
Planned aging-related composite clinical endpoint
mTORC1 vs mTORC2
Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) assembles into two distinct multiprotein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, distinguished by scaffold prot...
TSC1/TSC2 (Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1/2)
The TSC complex contains TSC1, TSC2, and TBC1D7. Its TSC2 subunit supplies GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity toward Rheb, converting ...
Rheb (Ras homolog enriched in brain)
Rheb is a small GTPase that, in its GTP-bound (active) form, directly binds and activates mTORC1 at the lysosomal membrane. Its activity is ...
Rag GTPases / Ragulator complex
The Rag GTPase heterodimers, anchored to the lysosomal membrane by the Ragulator scaffold complex, sense amino-acid sufficiency and recruit ...
AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase)
AMPK senses cellular energy stress and can inhibit mTORC1 through regulation of TSC2 and direct phosphorylation of Raptor. These are model-d...
ULK1 (Unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase 1)
ULK1 participates in autophagy initiation. In the cited cell experiments, mTORC1 phosphorylated ULK1 at Ser757, disrupting its interaction w...
S6K1 (p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1)
S6K1 is directly phosphorylated by mTORC1 at Thr389, the canonical assay marker for mTORC1 activity used throughout this dataset (p-S6K1 Thr...
4E-BP1 (eIF4E-binding protein 1)
4E-BP1 normally binds and sequesters eIF4E, blocking cap-dependent translation initiation. Active mTORC1 phosphorylates 4E-BP1 at multiple s...
TFEB (Transcription Factor EB)
TFEB is the master transcriptional regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy genes. Active mTORC1 phosphorylates TFEB, retaining it in...
AKT (Protein Kinase B)
Akt participates upstream of mTORC1 through regulation of the TSC/Rheb branch and is also regulated by mTORC2-associated phosphorylation. Se...
IGF-1 Signaling (Insulin/IGF-1 -> PI3K -> AKT axis)
Insulin and IGF-1 binding to their receptors activates PI3K, which activates AKT, which inhibits TSC1/2, which activates Rheb, which activat...
Autophagic Flux
CORE EDITORIAL POINT: autophagic flux is the RATE of the complete autophagy process -- autophagosome formation, cargo sequestration, fusion ...
| Tier 1 | Human lifespan / clinical RCT |
| Tier 2 | Human clinical/functional RCT |
| Tier 3 | Human biomarker RCT |
| Tier 4 | Prospective human observational |
| Tier 5 | Replicated animal lifespan |
| Tier 6 | Single-lab animal lifespan |
| Tier 7 | Animal healthspan |
| Tier 8 | Human acute mechanistic |
| Tier 9 | Animal/cell mechanism |
| Tier 10 | Hypothesis / unreplicated |
What this site is
mTORiX is a claim–study–outcome graph, not a longevity-advice essay. Every quantitative claim carries five visible qualifiers: species/population; exposure, route, and schedule; comparator and duration; endpoint and numeric result; and what the study did NOT establish. Evidence tiers are shown, not collapsed into a single score. 1 intervention page — Spermidine — carries an existing Amazon affiliate search link. Retail products are not established as equivalent to the experimental materials. Prescription and investigational compounds carry no purchase link; dietary and exercise exposures are not linked products. There is no sponsored content and no named/fabricated author — it is published under the Nabus AS editorial identity. See the affiliate disclosure.